The World Social Forum: The counterweight to the World Economic Forum

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Opinion

Opening of the World Social Forum 2024 in Kathmandu

KATHMANDU, Nepal, Feb 23 2024 (IPS) – This week the 2024 annual meeting of the World Social Forum (WSF) was held in Nepal. There were fifty thousand participants from over 90 countries, exchanging strategies to address the multiple global crises, from climate catastrophes to unfettered capitalism, inequality, social injustice, wars and conflict.


The WSF was created in 2001 as a counterbalance to the elitism of the World Economic Forum (WEF). The WEF, founded and chaired by a private financial sector foundation, fosters the influence of the corporate world among governments in the luxury ski resort of Davos (Switzerland).

Isabel Ortiz

By contrast, the WSF was created as an arena for alternative thinking, where the grassroots and social avant-garde could gain a voice, challenging the neoliberal idea that “there is no alternative” (TINA); instead affirming that “another world is possible” built upon peace, human rights, real democracy, equity, and justice.

While Davos is the meeting for the 1%, the wealthiest people in the planet, Kathmandu is the meeting for the rest of us. The UN Secretary-General extended his best wishes for WSF 2024 for “restoring hope and finding innovative solutions for people and the planet.”

Indeed, the WSF 2024 was hotbed of ideas, alternative experiences and strategies. There is no concluding summary or annual declaration because the WSF organizers seek to maintain a plurality and diversity of messages. The following points reflect my personal overview of the key topics discussed:

    • Denouncing the genocide in Gaza, a demand for an immediate ceasefire and the establishment of a free state of Palestine.

    • Refuse militarization and wars: Cut military spending and power, promote peace and democracy. Defense spending is increasing while austerity policies cut social spending, this trend must be reversed.

    • Organize against the rise of the far right: Radical right governments around the world have eroded democracy, human rights and civil society. Reports were made of censorship, repression, abuses of justice, unjustified raids and unfair imprisonment of progressive citizens, by the governments of Modi in India, Duterte in Philippines, Orban in Hungary, Duda in Poland, Al-Sisi in Egypt, Trump in the US, Bolsonaro in Brazil, among others There were also many reports of abusive litigation by corporations and politicians against journalists, activist researchers and CSOs, that are silencing critical voices.

    Fight inequality to counter the excessive concentration of power and wealth in the hands of a small elite. Inequality is the result of deliberate political and economic choices, and it can be reversed to build a just, equal and sustainable world.

    End Austerity, illegitimate debt and neoliberal economic policies that have failed citizens resoundingly. These outdated policies, imposed by international financial institutions (IFIs) like the IMF and the World Bank through the Ministries of Finance and G20, mostly benefit corporations and investors in the US and in a few Northen countries, result in real and lasting harm to the lives of ordinary people. There are alternative economic policies, such as the adequate taxation of wealthy millionaires and corporations, that can finance prosperity for people and planet.

    • Redress violations of human rights for women, Dalits (the ‘untouchables’) and lower castes, LGBT, persons with disabilities and different ethnicities; demanding enactment and implementation of inclusive policies and strategies to eliminate class, caste, gender and race-based disparities.

    • The 2024 Feminist Forum focused on addressing systemic barriers that impede women’s rights, from patriarchy to macroeconomic policies, through transformative feminist action that leads to change.

    • Ensure public services, universal social security or social protection, and labor rights for all, including informal workers and migrants, instead of the current austerity driven trend to privatize or corporatize public services, to reduce welfare benefits and to deregulate the labor market.

    • Peasant protests and movements: La Via Campesina is the largest movement today with two hundred million peasant members fighting for food security, against agribusiness and GMOs. It is very active, has alliances with unions, indigenous peoples’ movements and it is a good model for other movements.

    Climate Justice: A number of sessions discussed climate catastrophes, the IFIs support for fossil fuels, just transitions, habitat, and sustainable development.

The lack of will of the world’s political and economic elites to resolve today’s multiple crisis fuels discontent among citizens and disillusionment with conventional parties. People everywhere are losing faith in governments, institutions, and economic and political systems. Governments and world leaders would do well to listen and to act upon the ideas coming from the World Social Forum.

Isabel Ortiz, Director of the think-tank Global Social Justice, was Director of the International Labor Organization and UNICEF, and a senior official at the United Nations and the Asian Development Bank.

IPS UN Bureau

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Children’s Futures at a Crossroads

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Opinion

Credit: UNICEF/Abdulazeem Mohamed

 
War in Sudan is putting the future of its 24 million youngest citizens at risk, the Representative of the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) warned. January 2024

 
Meanwhile geopolitical and geoeconomic fragmentation threaten the development and survival of children across the globe. But a more hopeful path exists.

UNITED NATIONS, Feb 23 2024 (IPS) – At the start of 2024, we stand at a critical juncture: Geopolitical tensions are escalating, economic integration is unravelling, and multilateral cooperation is faltering. This global fragmentation threatens to undermine decades of progress made for children worldwide.


The choices we make today – whether to continue on this path or whether we should bolster global cooperation – will have a profound impact on generations to come.

Children are always the most vulnerable in times of crisis – a reality highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, when school closures, economic hardship and disrupted health services jeopardized children’s rights and wellbeing.

Almost four years since that pandemic was declared, our new report, Prospects for Children in 2024: Cooperation in a Fragmented World, paints a concerning picture for children’s future development and welfare.

Tensions among major powers are rising and the threat of new conflicts emerging is high. Beyond the immediate physical dangers, children can experience lasting psychological trauma and violations of their basic rights.

If military spending continues increasing at the expense of investments in healthcare, education and social protections, children’s development will be further compromised.

Meanwhile, economic fragmentation is widening disparities between countries. Restrictive trade policies and supply chain disruptions are leading to rising energy and food prices, reducing access to essential goods and negatively impacting child nutrition and household incomes.

Competition for critical minerals essential for the green economy is increasing the risks of trade fragmentation while threatening the pace of the green energy transition. At the same time, the drive to expand mining for minerals puts mining communities and children at risk of exploitative practices.

Despite continued global economic growth, the lukewarm and uneven recovery is diminishing prospects for reducing child poverty. From now until 2030, 15 million more children a year will be living in poverty than would have otherwise, due to the unequal post-COVID recovery.

This gloomy picture is compounded by the weakening of multilateral institutions, which is further undermining the potential for progress for children. Why?

Because a fragmented multilateral system that is hamstrung by competing interests will struggle to deliver on conflict prevention, climate change, effective digital governance, debt relief and enforcing child rights standards, fuelling dissatisfaction in the Global South with rising inequalities.

Children in the poorest nations also face continued barriers to financing for basic services. Crippling debt, high remittance fees and lack of voice in global economic governance restrict investments in healthcare, education and social protections – investments vital to children’s survival and development.

But amid all these concerning trends, we see still signs of hope. Alternative alliances are emerging in the developing world to advance cooperation, bringing novel policy solutions, more nimble policymaking and effective results.

Despite expressing discontent with current democratic political structures, young people remain optimistic that opportunities exist to reform and resolve deficiencies in the political system, whether at the national or international level. They are engaging as change-makers, breathing new life into civic participation and democratic renewal.

In addition, technological innovations are unlocking new opportunities to empower children and enhance their rights. Green transition, if carried out in a just and sustainable way – one that prioritizes young people’s needs, skills and access to jobs in emerging sectors (such as the digital and green economy) – can benefit younger generations.

Reforms and modernization of global governance and financing arrangements could still deliver greater justice for developing countries. This more hopeful path will not unfold on its own. It requires global leaders to make an active choice – to double down on solidarity, inclusion and cooperation despite tensions and instability.

Prioritizing children and their rights must be at the centre of this choice.

Jasmina Byrne is Chief, Foresight & Policy, UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight.

IPS UN Bureau

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As chief awarded honorary degrees, let us honor our own past and present heroes

PIX of Chief Dr. Kachindamoto with Malawi diplomats, 2015

By Janet Karim

Dream like Martin, Reclaim like Maxine, Think like Garvey, Fight like Malcolm, Challenge like Rosa, Speak like Fredrick, Write like Maya, Build like Madam C.J., Educate like W.E.B., Lead like Harriet, and Inspire like Obama. – Black History Month commemoration plaque of just a few of African American heroes, 2024

 Opinionate like Janet Z. Karim by giving opinions that are laced with solutions! – Janet Zeenat Karim, 2024

The ngoma drums and nsindo dancers are still resounding with great joy this week Kumangoni lands in Malawi and in the diaspora: Chief Theresa Kachindamoto was this past week awarded two honorary PhD degrees by two Belgium universities. As Chief of Dedza district, she has authority over more than 900,000 people. She is known for her forceful action in dissolving child marriages and insisting on education for both girls and boys, footing the tuition bills of those who cannot afford the cost of tuition at secondary level.

According to Nation Online, the two Belgium universities, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Catholic University in Belgium) and Université Catholique (UC) de Louvain have accorded Chief Kachindamoto of Dedza the joint honorary degrees for her work that champions women’s and children’s rights in her area. At the onset of her rise to her campaign, the media often referred to her as the Child Marriage Terminator, Malawians may now call her Chief Dr. Theresa Kachindamoto.

I first met Chief Dr. Kachindamoto when she was part of the entourage of former Gender Minister Patricia Kaliati at the 2015 United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. Malawi Parliament had earlier in 2015 passed into law the raising of the age of marriage to 18 years, being the first country to legally outlaw child marriage in Malawi. She spoke eloquently relating her work in her area of authority that includes Dedza, how by that time she had terminated over 300 marriages involving children (girls and boys). She also told the stunned delegations from 194 countries how after terminating the marriage, she found herself paying for school fees (especially for the girls) of the former married students.

Among the pictures Dr. Kachindamoto painted was that of young girls either being taken out of school by parents who cannot afford to pay for school fees, or young girls being married off to pay a debt owed by the family. As a member of the audience, it was exciting to listen to the Chief speak so passionately about issues that the UN SADC (Southern African Development Community) group had painstakingly outlined in our Resolution calling for the end to the global scourge of child, early, and forced child marriage. As a member state of SADC, the Malawi Mission to the UN, joined fellow delegates advocating for an end to the practice of child, early, and forced marriage that was noted to be a global menace that impinges on the human rights of young girls and boys.

The times were great moments to work at the UN as a Malawian; in 2012 Malawi had its first female President, dr. Joyce Banda. As she elaborated and underscored the village-level campaign to have all pregnant women have their babies delivered  at health centers or hospitals, Chief Kachindamoto’s work on terminating marriages coupled with the promise of school fees. Thus in my Malawi, while chiefs were insisting on “no pregnant women will deliver their babies in my village,” Dr. Kachindamoto was decreeing “There shall be no child marriage in my district.”

The brass and brave decree morphed fast into a By-Law; the actions of the Child Marriage Terminator was applauded for the noble, laudable, and refreshing game-changing actions for the benefits got national and later global attention. Her exposure at the UN the 2015 CSW led to invitations to be guest speaker at UNICEF, UNFPA, and UNICEF; all three benefit from the cross-cutting nature of banning child, early, and forced marriage.

It has been close to 10 years since Chief Kachindamoto’s debut at the UN. When I had the opportunity to talk with her in the corridors of the United Nations, it was an awesome feast to witness the Chief rise to the level of global recognition and the honorary degree accolade. As I sing and dance like an avid fan on steroids, I wonder what were all the two honorary degrees from UNIMA and MZUNI to the former first ladies in the previous administrations, all about? Comparatively-speaking, were their achievements of grander substances as Chief Dr. Kachindamoto? 

Do honorary degrees have to be awarded to our local heroes from foreign and distant countries? UNIMA, MZUNI, MUBAS, and the Lilongwe Uni, where are your honorary degrees for local heroes? Malawi has truckloads of  heroes (past and present). Regrettably, Malawians – the educated and not, eloquent, and not so eloquent, should they be waiting to be called to another country to be awarded the coveted honorary? Or does it mean the foreign and distant universities are beating unnecessary drums or drums without a cause for our honorary degree recipients? Many of these questions are water under the bridge; but very suspicious murky waters.

The answer is that maybe Malawians just do not care about its heroes: it has a truckload of heroes, both past and present. Regrettably to the credit of the educated and not, the eloquent and not, the political and not,  all that would rather criticize, find fault, go past the light of some local person’s thunder, arrive and get immersed into Critique Zone. The opportunity to appreciate, elevate, and enjoy the success of a fellow Malawian evaporates ever so fast. This must stop.

A very big case in point is the story of William Kamkwamba, who in my opinion, deserves one from three main constituent colleges of UNIMA.) Kamkwamba is an inventor, engineer, and author. Before he graduated from secondary school, he built a wind turbine to power multiple electrical appliances in his parent’s house in Kasungu. He used blue gum trees, discarded bicycle parts, and materials collected in a local scrapyard. The lad was whisked away to SA where he attended British system secondary school then air-lifted to the US where he graduated from Dartmouth College. He has since built a solar-powered water pump, which supplies drinking water to his village. He has been a guest speaker to the renowned TED talk shows. And the book recounting his amazing story, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, was turned into a film.

The country has someone from its soil who builds solar -powered water pumps and yet we are still yapping about load shedding and power blackouts?! The Kamkwamba story pains me because of Malawi’s reluctance to embrace and celebrate its heroes. This is a call out to the UNIMA colleges (past and present, please excuse me that I do not agree with the breakup of the original UNIMA), these must scrape up on their research prowess and find all the brilliant Malawi minds that did, have done, or are doing great things, worthy of the honorary degree.

Here is my short list of heroes that must be awarded honorary degrees:

1.     Former Official Hostess, Mama C. Tamanda Kadzamira (dedication to service in transition to democracy).

2.     Bakili Muluzi (successfully steering Malawians to life after Kamuzu Banda, former first, and Life President of Malawi).

3.     ConCourt Justices (delivering brilliant verdict on the 2019 flawed presidential elections.

4.     Dr. Joyce Banda (showing Malawians and the world “Yes, she can!”).

5.     Former first female Chief Justice Anastasia Msosa (worked brilliantly in one party and multi-party environments with great aplomb).

6.     Justice Andrew Nyirenda (for integrity and ensuring the rule of law and respect to our constitution prevail).

7.     Gregory Gondwe (for the tenacity to unveil the truth behind the news.

By the way, all Malawians, systems, and institutions should keep very keen eyes on our Chief Dr. Kachindamoto. She is fighting child marriage and promoting the welfare of women’s rights and empowerment; let us help her in her campaign that there is integrity of school curriculums  in our schools. Since Belgium is part of the EU, (an organization that has blackmailed African countries and others – ACP-EU NPA – to sign a document with values that are not our values. Under the banner of human rights, the EU aims to get Malawi and other African countries to change the laws governing pregnancy, contraceptives, right to abortion and the rights of same-sex couples. Malawi should not allow such deceptive agendas to slip into the Chief’s campaign.

UNIMA, please start giving out the degrees to numerous Malawian heroes and sheroes. All quiet on this front is no longer an option: start dishing out them honorary degrees! Kamkwamba should get at least three.

Caption: In the picture below: Chief Dr. Theresa Kachindamoto, in March 2015 when she visited the UN to talk about ending child marriage in her constituency. Seen here with the Malawi Mission to UN diplomats and staff.  – Photo by Robert Michael

Pakistan’s Election Outcomes Leave Many Unhappy

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Opinion

Credit: Rebecca Conway/Getty Images

LONDON, Feb 22 2024 (IPS) – Pakistan’s 8 February election has resulted in an uneasy compromise that few wanted or expected. There’s little indication the outcome is going to reverse recent regression in civic freedoms.


Army calls the shots

Around 128 million people can vote in Pakistan, but it’s the army, the sixth-biggest in the world, that’s always had the upper hand. In recent decades, it’s preferred to exert its power by strongly influencing the civilian government rather than outright military rule. Prime ministers have allied with the military to win power and been forced out when disagreements set in. No prime minister has ever served a full term.

In April 2022, Prime Minister Imran Khan was ousted through a parliamentary vote of no-confidence. But it was common knowledge this was the military’s will. Khan, having cosied up to the generals to come to power in 2018, had publicly and vocally fallen out with them over economic and foreign policy. He had to go.

Khan’s fall from grace was swift. He survived an assassination attempt in November 2022. In December 2023, he was barred from running in the election. Just ahead of voting he was found guilty in three separate trials, with the longest sentence being 14 years. Bushara Bibi, Khan’s wife, was jailed too.

The army turned to a former foe, Nawaz Sharif, three times previously prime minister. After he last fell out of favour in 2017, he was forced out and found guilty of corruption. Yet for this election he’d evidently patched things up enough to become the army’s favoured anti-Khan candidate.

A catalogue of restrictions

But voters didn’t go along with the army’s choice. Candidates running as independents but affiliated with Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party won the most seats, albeit short of an outright majority. Sharif’s Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) came second, with the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), its partner in the 2022 coalition of convenience that replaced Khan, third.

This was a shock result, given the obstacles placed in the PTI’s way. The government postponed the election from November to February so, it said, it could hold a census. The suspicion was that the move was to allow more time to prosecute Khan and lean on his party’s politicians to swap allegiances.

Sure enough, some PTI representatives were banned from standing and others faced harassment and violence seeking to persuade them to distance themselves from Khan. In the biggest blow, PTI candidates were banned from using Khan’s cricket bat symbol on ballot papers. Symbols are crucial for mobilising party support, since over 40 per cent of people are unable to read. PTI candidates were forced to run as independents.

There was never any prospect of equal space for campaigning. Last year, the media regulator applied a de facto ban on mentioning Khan’s name on TV. In August 2023, it directed TV channels not to give airtime to 11 people, among them Khan and journalists considered sympathetic towards him. As the election neared, the military interfered in the media on a daily basis, telling them which stories to run.

Given these constraints, and the near impossibility of holding physical rallies, PTI used online opportunities. Khan kept up a virtual presence through AI-generated videos. WhatsApp was used to inform PTI supporters which independent candidates to vote for.

But constraints came here too. When the PTI organised an online rally in December, authorities blocked access to major social media platforms and slowed the internet down. On election day, they imposed a full internet and mobile data shutdown for the first time in Pakistan’s electoral history. The authorities claimed they’d done so on security grounds – the Islamic State terrorist group carried out two deadly bombings the day before – but it made independent oversight of voting and counting much harder. Further restrictions on Twitter followed after the results were out.

This pressure on the PTI and its supporters came on top of the ongoing repression of civic freedoms by successive governments. Pakistani authorities have continued to criminalise, threaten and harass human rights activists, restrict online freedoms, intimidate journalists, censor media and violently repress peaceful protests, particularly by women’s rights activists and people from the Baloch and Pashtun ethnic groups.

Uncertainty ahead

Despite the highly unlevel playing field, results show that many took the opportunity the election offered to communicate discontent with military influence, a political establishment dominated by two families and the dire economic conditions. A youthful population has found something appealing in Khan’s fiery populist rhetoric.

But what’s resulted is something few voters likely wanted. The PML-N and PPP quickly announced a resumption of their coalition. The PML-N’s Shehbaz Sharif, Nawaz Sharif’s brother, is set to return as prime minister. It would appear to be a coalition united by little more than a determination to keep the PTI out of power, suggesting a weak and fractious government will result.

Strong opposition can be expected. PTI supporters aren’t accepting this quietly. The party claims rigged votes denied it more seats. Thousands have protested and numerous legal cases have been filed. Their claims were given credence when an official in Rawalpindi stepped forward to say he’d been involved in election rigging. One politician from a minor party also announced he was renouncing his seat because the vote had been rigged to exclude the PTI-backed candidate.

Khan is no democratic hero. When he was in power and enjoyed the military’s favour, he used the same tools of repression now being applied to him and his party. Civic space conditions worsened under Khan and there’s been no let-up since.

The bigger problem is a system where the military calls the shots, sets the parameters that elected governments must stay within and actively works to suppress dissent. With many young voters angry and wanting change, problems can only be building up for the future. It’s vital that civic space be opened up so people have peaceful means to express dissent, seek change and hold power to account.

Andrew Firmin is CIVICUS Editor-in-Chief, co-director and writer for CIVICUS Lens and co-author of the State of Civil Society Report.

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41 Celebrities Who’ve Opened Up About Completing Their Families Through Adoption

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Family is traditionally thought of as relations with those you share a biological connection with, but family can mean much more than being tied together through genetic lineage — and the following celebrities know that better than most.

Adoption has been warmly embraced by each of these celebrity parents for a robust variety of reasons. For some, like Rosario Dawson, adoption was the obvious path to parenthood from a young age. As Charlize Theron put it, it was never a secondary option.

Others, like Sia, struggled with infertility; some, including Hoda Kotb, were unable to conceive after battling cancer; and for those like Ewan McGregor, Lionel Richie, and Thomas Rhett, adoption felt like a matter of divine intervention.

Many of these famous figures, including Mariska Hargitay and Julie Andrews, have beautiful blended families comprised of biological and adopted children. Regardless of how their children came into their lives, these celebrities have all opened up about the joy of being adoptive parents and how their journey with adoption has profoundly changed their lives.

Read on to learn about the touching stories of how these celebrities met their children through adoption.

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Snowless Winter and a Climate Crisis: Kashmir’s ‘Unprecedented’ Weather

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Climate Change

Local Muslims held special prayer ceremonies in January for snowfall. Credit: Umar Manzoor Shah/IPS

Local Muslims held special prayer ceremonies in January for snowfall. Credit: Umar Manzoor Shah/IPS

SRINAGAR, India, Feb 20 2024 (IPS) – Abdul Gani Malik, a 75-year-old goldsmith living in Kashmir’s capital, Srinagar, has witnessed eras of tranquility and turbulence in the Himalayan region. What he has not seen, however, is a snowless Kashmir during the winter.


Malik still works at his shop, located in one of the jam-packed markets of the old city area of Kashmir’s capital, intricately lacing colorful emeralds on dazzling gold necklaces. While conversing with IPS, he mentions that the winter in Kashmir has never been so terrible and terrifying as it has been this year.

He recalls how, during the 40-day harshest winter period from December 21 to January 30, snow would accumulate to about six or seven feet, freezing and making pathways treacherous even for city dwellers. In the mountainous region, according to Malik, the snow would last for several months, regulating temperatures during the summer and providing water and food.

“Now is a different tale. The mountains appear dry and dead. The rivers are carrying no water, and our woods are bereft of life. This is an absolute apocalypse,” Malik said.

The region of Kashmir is located in the north-western complex of the Himalayan ranges, with marked relief variation, snow-capped summits, antecedent drainage, complex geological structure, and rich temperate vegetation and fauna.

Kashmir’s winter is traditionally divided into three parts: Chilay Kalan (old man winter), Chilay Khuarud (young winter), and Chilay Bacha (kiddy winter). The coldest part, called Chilay Kalan, starts on December 21 and ends at the end of January. It is during this period that snowfall is expected.

“The temperatures during this period plummet to even minus 8 to 10 degrees Celsius, and when it snows, it accumulates in glaciers. The snowfall in the later period is of no use,” says Abdul Ghani Malik.

He was part of the congregational prayers held across Kashmir for snowfall. Local Muslims, who constitute more than 90 percent of the local population, decided in January to hold special prayers for snowfall in all major mosques. “We prayed, and we hope God listens to our plight.”

According to Abid Ali, a student of environmental sciences from Kashmir, Kashmir’s livelihood depends on snowfall, and if it doesn’t snow, things are going to take a terrible shape.

“The region’s electricity system, agriculture, and tourism are all dependent on snowfall. The dry winter will prove catastrophic for the local populace,” Abid said.

Kashmir, as per estimates, reported a 79 percent precipitation deficit through December of last year. Indian meteorologists claim that unusual weather is linked to global warming and El Niño, the sporadic climate phenomenon that can create warm, dry conditions in the Indian subcontinent and other parts of Asia.

A man walks through an area in Kashmir where low snowfall is causing concern as the region’s economy is highly dependent on it. Credit: Umar Manzoor Shah/IPS

A man walks through an area in Kashmir where low snowfall is causing concern as the region’s economy is highly dependent on it. Credit: Umar Manzoor Shah/IPS

Threat to Agriculture

In Kashmir, 60 percent of the state’s revenue comes from agriculture and horticulture, and about 80 percent of the population lives in rural areas.

However, over the years, the valley has experienced irregular patterns of precipitation. In the first five months of 2022, Kashmir saw a 38 percent rain shortage, according to data provided by the Meteorological Department (MeT) in Srinagar.

The data reveals that the Kashmir Valley has experienced a significant lack of pre-monsoon precipitation over the years. From March 1 to May 31, 2022, the region got 99.5 mm of rain, 70 percent lower than average.

Comparatively, between March and May of each of the following years—2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021—there was a deficit of 16, 28, 35, and 26 percent, respectively. The dry winter this year is already throwing life out of gear for the farmers.

Abdul Karim Ganaie, a farmer hailing from south Kashmir’s Pulwama, says the threats are menacingly looming large, and people cannot do anything other than watch helplessly as the crisis unfolds.

When IPS contacted Choudhary Mohammad Iqbal, the director of agriculture in Kashmir, he stated that the department was closely monitoring the situation and would be issuing a warning to the farmers in the coming months.

“We accept that the situation is going to prove worrisome for Kashmir’s farming community, but we have to adopt a strategy to ensure minimal losses. We are working on that front,” Choudhary said.

Tourism under Cloud

The famous tourist destinations in Kashmir are also witnessing a dip in tourist arrivals, putting the people associated with this business in dire straits. In January, the famous tourist resorts recorded the lowest arrival of foreign and domestic tourists, with only 30 percent occupancy in hotels.

It snows at last but too little, too late!

Finally, in the first week of February, when the harshest 40-day-long spell was already over, it snowed in most of the areas of Kashmir. However, according to experts, the snow would yield the fewest results as it is not possible to accumulate for an extended period.

What is important, says Mehraj Ahmad, a research scholar working on climate change in Kashmir, is that the snow must accumulate in the higher reaches for as long as possible until the arrival of summers.

“The snowfall of February or March carries the least significance when compared with the snowfall of January. Therefore, we really are keeping our fingers crossed and praying for the safeguard of our lives against the dark, dreadful effects of climate change,” Ahmad said.

IPS UN Bureau Report

IPS UN Bureau, IPS UN Bureau Report, India, Kashmir

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